Periodic System for Chemists
Table
15
30.97

P

Phosphorus

Identification

CAS Number: 7723-14-0
Discovery Year: 1669
Discoverer: Hennig Brand
Discovery Location: Germany

Properties

Atomic Mass: 30.973761998 →Density: 1.823 g/cm³ →
Crust Abundance: 1050 mg/kg
Crystal Structure: CUB

Atomic Dimensions

Atomic Radius: 100 pm →
Atomic Radius (Rahm): 223 pm
Covalent Radius: 107 pm →
Van der Waals Radius: 180 pm
Metallic Radius: 110 pm
Atomic Volume: 17 cm³/mol
Lattice Constant: 7.17 Å

Thermodynamics

Melting Point: 317.3 K →Boiling Point: 553 K →Specific Heat: 0.757 J/(g·K) →Heat of Fusion: 2.51 kJ/mol →Heat of Vaporization: 49.8 kJ/mol →
Heat of Formation: 316.5 kJ/mol

Electronic Structure

Electron Config: [Ne] 3s2 3p3
Block: p
Period: 3 →Group: 15 →Electronegativity: 2.19 →Electron Affinity: 0.746607 eV →
Oxidation States: -3, +3, +5

Abundance & Geochemistry

Crust Abundance: 1050 mg/kg
Sea Abundance: 0.06 mg/L
Goldschmidt Class: litophile

About

Phosphorus is essential for life as a component of DNA, RNA, and ATP. It exists in several forms including white, red, and black phosphorus.

Isotopes

P-31 31 100.00%