N

Nitrogen

Identification

CAS Number: 7727-37-9

Discovery Year: 1772

Discoverer: Daniel Rutherford

Discovery Location: Scotland

Properties

Atomic Mass: 14.007 →Density: 0.001145 g/cm³ →

Crust Abundance: 19 mg/kg

Crystal Structure: HEX

Atomic Dimensions

Atomic Radius: 65 pm →

Atomic Radius (Rahm): 179 pm

Covalent Radius: 71 pm →

Van der Waals Radius: 155 pm

Atomic Volume: 17.3 cm³/mol

Lattice Constant: 4.039 Å

Thermodynamics

Melting Point: 63.29 K →Boiling Point: 77.4 K →Thermal Conductivity: 0.026 W/(m·K) →

Heat of Formation: 472.44 kJ/mol

Electronic Structure

Electron Config: [He] 2s2 2p3

Block: p

Period: 2 →Group: 15 →Electronegativity: 3.04 →Electron Affinity: -1.4 eV →

Oxidation States: -3, -2, -1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5

Abundance & Geochemistry

Crust Abundance: 19 mg/kg

Sea Abundance: 0.5 mg/L

Geochemical Class: volatile

Goldschmidt Class: atmophile

About

Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere. It is essential for life and is used in fertilizers, explosives, and as an inert gas for food preservation.

Isotopes

N-14 14 99.58%

N-15 15 0.4220%