14
28.09
Si
Silicon
Identification
CAS Number: 7440-21-3
Discovery Year: 1824
Discoverer: Jöns Berzelius
Discovery Location: Sweden
Properties
Atomic Dimensions
Atomic Radius: 110 pm →
Atomic Radius (Rahm): 231.99999999999997 pm
Covalent Radius: 111.00000000000001 pm →Van der Waals Radius: 210 pm
Metallic Radius: 117 pm
Atomic Volume: 12.1 cm³/mol
Lattice Constant: 5.43 Å
Thermodynamics
Electronic Structure
Electron Config: [Ne] 3s2 3p2
Block: p
Period: 3 →Group: 14 →Electronegativity: 1.9 →Electron Affinity: 1.3895211 eV →Oxidation States: -4, +2, +4
Abundance & Geochemistry
Crust Abundance: 282000 mg/kg
Sea Abundance: 2.2 mg/L
Geochemical Class: major
Goldschmidt Class: litophile
About
Silicon is a hard, brittle metalloid that is the second most abundant element in Earth's crust. It is essential to the semiconductor industry.
Isotopes
Si-28 28 92.19%
Si-29 29 4.70%
Si-30 30 3.11%