6
12.01
C
Carbon
Identification
CAS Number: 7440-44-0
Discoverer: Known to the ancients
Properties
Atomic Dimensions
Atomic Radius: 70 pm →
Atomic Radius (Rahm): 190 pm
Covalent Radius: 73 pm →Van der Waals Radius: 170 pm
Atomic Volume: 5.3 cm³/mol
Lattice Constant: 3.57 Å
Thermodynamics
Melting Point: 3820 K →Boiling Point: 5100 K →Specific Heat: 0.711 J/(g·K) →Thermal Conductivity: 1.59 W/(m·K) →
Heat of Formation: 716.87 kJ/mol
Electronic Structure
Electron Config: [He] 2s2 2p2
Block: p
Period: 2 →Group: 14 →Electronegativity: 2.55 →Electron Affinity: 1.262119 eV →Oxidation States: -4, +2, +4
Abundance & Geochemistry
Crust Abundance: 200 mg/kg
Sea Abundance: 28 mg/L
Geochemical Class: semi-volatile
Goldschmidt Class: atmophile
About
Carbon is the basis of all known life on Earth. It exists in many forms including diamond, graphite, and graphene, and is essential to organic chemistry.
Isotopes
C-12 12 98.84%
C-13 13 1.16%