Periodic System for Chemists
Table
3
6.94

Li

Lithium

Identification

CAS Number: 7439-93-2
Discovery Year: 1817
Discoverer: Johann Arfwedson
Discovery Location: Sweden

Properties

Atomic Mass: 6.94 →Density: 0.534 g/cm³ →
Crust Abundance: 20 mg/kg
Crystal Structure: BCC

Atomic Dimensions

Atomic Radius: 145 pm →
Atomic Radius (Rahm): 220.00000000000003 pm
Covalent Radius: 128 pm →
Van der Waals Radius: 182 pm
Metallic Radius: 123 pm
Atomic Volume: 13.1 cm³/mol
Lattice Constant: 3.49 Å

Thermodynamics

Melting Point: 553.69 K →Boiling Point: 1118.15 K →Specific Heat: 3.489 J/(g·K) →Thermal Conductivity: 84.8 W/(m·K) →Heat of Fusion: 2.89 kJ/mol →Heat of Vaporization: 148 kJ/mol →
Heat of Formation: 159.3 kJ/mol

Electronic Structure

Electron Config: [He] 2s
Block: s
Period: 2 →Group: 1 →Electronegativity: 0.98 →Electron Affinity: 0.618049 eV →
Oxidation States: +1

Abundance & Geochemistry

Crust Abundance: 20 mg/kg
Sea Abundance: 0.18 mg/L
Geochemical Class: alkali metal
Goldschmidt Class: litophile

About

Lithium is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. It is the lightest metal and is used in rechargeable batteries, psychiatric medication, and ceramics.

Isotopes

Li-7 7 92.20%
Li-6 6 7.80%