Zr

Zirconium

Identification

CAS Number: 7440-67-7

Discovery Year: 1789

Discoverer: Martin Klaproth

Discovery Location: Germany

Properties

Atomic Mass: 91.224 →Density: 6.52 g/cm³ →

Crust Abundance: 165 mg/kg

Crystal Structure: HEX

Atomic Dimensions

Atomic Radius: 155 pm →

Atomic Radius (Rahm): 269 pm

Covalent Radius: 175 pm →

Van der Waals Radius: 223 pm

Metallic Radius: 145 pm

Atomic Volume: 14.1 cm³/mol

Lattice Constant: 3.23 Å

Thermodynamics

Melting Point: 2125 K →Boiling Point: 4650 K →Specific Heat: 0.281 J/(g·K) →Thermal Conductivity: 22.7 W/(m·K) →Heat of Fusion: 19.2 kJ/mol →Heat of Vaporization: 567 kJ/mol →

Heat of Formation: 610 kJ/mol

Electronic Structure

Electron Config: [Kr] 4d2 5s2

Block: d

Period: 5 →Group: 4 →Electronegativity: 1.33 →Electron Affinity: 0.426 eV →

Oxidation States: +4

Abundance & Geochemistry

Crust Abundance: 165 mg/kg

Sea Abundance: 0.000029999999999999997 mg/L

Geochemical Class: high field strength

Goldschmidt Class: litophile

About

Grey-white metallic transition element. Five natural isotopes and six radioactive isotopes are known. Used in nuclear reactors for a Neutron absorber. Discovered in 1789 by Martin Klaproth, isolated in 1824 by Berzelius.

Isotopes

Zr-90 90 51.45%

Zr-94 94 17.38%

Zr-92 92 17.15%

Zr-91 91 11.22%

Zr-96 96 2.80%