72
178.49
Hf
Hafnium
Identification
CAS Number: 7440-58-6
Discovery Year: 1923
Discoverer: Dirk Coster, Georg von Hevesy
Discovery Location: Denmark
Properties
Atomic Dimensions
Atomic Radius: 155 pm →
Atomic Radius (Rahm): 264 pm
Covalent Radius: 175 pm →Van der Waals Radius: 223 pm
Metallic Radius: 144 pm
Atomic Volume: 13.6 cm³/mol
Lattice Constant: 3.2 Å
Thermodynamics
Electronic Structure
Electron Config: [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Block: d
Period: 6 →Group: 4 →Electronegativity: 1.3 →Electron Affinity: 0.013999999999999999 eV →Oxidation States: +4
Abundance & Geochemistry
Crust Abundance: 3 mg/kg
Sea Abundance: 0.000007000000000000001 mg/L
Geochemical Class: high field strength
Goldschmidt Class: litophile
About
Silvery lustrous metallic transition element. Used in tungsten alloys in filaments and electrodes, also acts as a neutron absorber. First reported by Urbain in 1911, existence was finally established in 1923 by D. Coster, G.C. de Hevesy in 1923.
Isotopes
Hf-180 180 35.08%
Hf-178 178 27.28%
Hf-177 177 18.60%
Hf-179 179 13.62%
Hf-176 176 5.26%
Hf-174 174 0.1600%
