41
92.91
Nb
Niobium
Identification
CAS Number: 7440-03-1
Discovery Year: 1801
Discoverer: Charles Hatchet
Discovery Location: England
Properties
Atomic Dimensions
Atomic Radius: 145 pm →
Atomic Radius (Rahm): 250.99999999999997 pm
Covalent Radius: 164 pm →Van der Waals Radius: 218.00000000000003 pm
Metallic Radius: 134 pm
Atomic Volume: 10.8 cm³/mol
Lattice Constant: 3.3 Å
Thermodynamics
Electronic Structure
Electron Config: [Kr] 4d4 5s
Block: d
Period: 5 →Group: 5 →Electronegativity: 1.6 →Electron Affinity: 0.917406 eV →Oxidation States: +3, +5
Abundance & Geochemistry
Crust Abundance: 20 mg/kg
Sea Abundance: 0.00001 mg/L
Geochemical Class: high field strength
Goldschmidt Class: litophile
About
Soft, ductile grey-blue metallic transition element. Used in special steels and in welded joints to increase strength. Combines with halogens and oxidizes in air at 200 degrees celsius. Discovered by Charles Hatchett in 1801 and isolated by Blomstrand in 1864. Called Columbium originally.
Isotopes
Nb-93 93 100.00%
