Sc

Scandium

Identification

CAS Number: 7440-20-2

Discovery Year: 1879

Discoverer: Lars Nilson

Discovery Location: Sweden

Properties

Atomic Mass: 44.955908 →Density: 2.99 g/cm³ →

Crust Abundance: 22 mg/kg

Crystal Structure: HEX

Atomic Dimensions

Atomic Radius: 160 pm →

Atomic Radius (Rahm): 263 pm

Covalent Radius: 170 pm →

Van der Waals Radius: 215 pm

Metallic Radius: 144 pm

Atomic Volume: 15 cm³/mol

Lattice Constant: 3.31 Å

Thermodynamics

Melting Point: 1814 K →Boiling Point: 3104 K →Specific Heat: 0.556 J/(g·K) →Thermal Conductivity: 15.8 W/(m·K) →Heat of Fusion: 15.8 kJ/mol →Heat of Vaporization: 332.7 kJ/mol →

Heat of Formation: 377.8 kJ/mol

Electronic Structure

Electron Config: [Ar] 3d 4s2

Block: d

Period: 4 →Group: 3 →Electronegativity: 1.36 →Electron Affinity: 0.188 eV →

Oxidation States: +3

Abundance & Geochemistry

Crust Abundance: 22 mg/kg

Sea Abundance: 6e-7 mg/L

Geochemical Class: first series transition metal

Goldschmidt Class: litophile

About

Rare soft silvery metallic element belonging to group 3 of the periodic table. There are ten isotopes, nine of which are radioactive and have short half-lives. Predicted in 1869 by Mendeleev, isolated by Nilson in 1879.

Isotopes

Sc-45 45 100.00%