Periodic System for Chemists
Table
20
40.08

Ca

Calcium

Identification

CAS Number: 7440-70-2
Discovery Year: 1808
Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy
Discovery Location: England

Properties

Atomic Mass: 40.078 →Density: 1.54 g/cm³ →
Crust Abundance: 41500 mg/kg
Crystal Structure: FCC

Atomic Dimensions

Atomic Radius: 180 pm →
Atomic Radius (Rahm): 270 pm
Covalent Radius: 176 pm →
Van der Waals Radius: 231 pm
Metallic Radius: 174 pm
Atomic Volume: 29.9 cm³/mol
Lattice Constant: 5.58 Å

Thermodynamics

Melting Point: 1112 K →Boiling Point: 1757 K →Specific Heat: 0.653 J/(g·K) →Heat of Fusion: 9.2 kJ/mol →Heat of Vaporization: 153.6 kJ/mol →
Heat of Formation: 177.8 kJ/mol

Electronic Structure

Electron Config: [Ar] 4s2
Block: s
Period: 4 →Group: 2 →Electronegativity: 1 →Electron Affinity: 0.02455 eV →
Oxidation States: +2

Abundance & Geochemistry

Crust Abundance: 41500 mg/kg
Sea Abundance: 412 mg/L
Geochemical Class: major
Goldschmidt Class: litophile

About

Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal. It is essential for life, being a major component of bones and teeth.

Isotopes

Ca-40 40 96.94%
Ca-44 44 2.09%
Ca-42 42 0.6470%
Ca-48 48 0.1870%
Ca-43 43 0.1350%
Ca-46 46 4.00e-3%