Gd

Gadolinium

Identification

CAS Number: 7440-54-2

Discovery Year: 1880

Discoverer: Jean de Marignac

Discovery Location: Switzerland

Properties

Atomic Mass: 157.25 →Density: 7.9 g/cm³ →

Crust Abundance: 6.2 mg/kg

Crystal Structure: HEX

Atomic Dimensions

Atomic Radius: 180 pm →

Atomic Radius (Rahm): 277 pm

Covalent Radius: 196 pm →

Van der Waals Radius: 234 pm

Atomic Volume: 19.9 cm³/mol

Lattice Constant: 3.64 Å

Thermodynamics

Melting Point: 1586 K →Boiling Point: 3539 K →Specific Heat: 0.23 J/(g·K) →Heat of Vaporization: 398 kJ/mol →

Heat of Formation: 397.5 kJ/mol

Electronic Structure

Electron Config: [Xe] 4f7 5d 6s2

Block: f

Period: 6 →Electronegativity: 1.2 →

Oxidation States: +3

Abundance & Geochemistry

Crust Abundance: 6.2 mg/kg

Sea Abundance: 7e-7 mg/L

Geochemical Class: rare earth & related

Goldschmidt Class: litophile

About

Soft silvery metallic element belonging to the lanthanoids. Seven natural, stable isotopes are known in addition to eleven artificial isotopes. Gd-155 and Gd-157 and the best neutron absorbers of all elements. Gadolinium compounds are used in electronics. Discovered by J.C.G Marignac in 1880.

Isotopes

Gd-158 158 24.84%

Gd-160 160 21.86%

Gd-156 156 20.47%

Gd-157 157 15.65%

Gd-155 155 14.80%

Gd-154 154 2.18%

Gd-152 152 0.2000%