64
157.25
Gd
Gadolinium
Identification
CAS Number: 7440-54-2
Discovery Year: 1880
Discoverer: Jean de Marignac
Discovery Location: Switzerland
Properties
Atomic Dimensions
Atomic Radius: 180 pm →
Atomic Radius (Rahm): 277 pm
Covalent Radius: 196 pm →Van der Waals Radius: 234 pm
Atomic Volume: 19.9 cm³/mol
Lattice Constant: 3.64 Å
Thermodynamics
Melting Point: 1586 K →Boiling Point: 3539 K →Specific Heat: 0.23 J/(g·K) →Heat of Vaporization: 398 kJ/mol →
Heat of Formation: 397.5 kJ/mol
Electronic Structure
Abundance & Geochemistry
Crust Abundance: 6.2 mg/kg
Sea Abundance: 7e-7 mg/L
Geochemical Class: rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class: litophile
About
Soft silvery metallic element belonging to the lanthanoids. Seven natural, stable isotopes are known in addition to eleven artificial isotopes. Gd-155 and Gd-157 and the best neutron absorbers of all elements. Gadolinium compounds are used in electronics. Discovered by J.C.G Marignac in 1880.
Isotopes
Gd-158 158 24.84%
Gd-160 160 21.86%
Gd-156 156 20.47%
Gd-157 157 15.65%
Gd-155 155 14.80%
Gd-154 154 2.18%
Gd-152 152 0.2000%
